Introduction

The great philosopher Aristotle stated the bare truth when he said centuries ago that man is “a political animal”. He and his equal famous disciple Plato strongly denounced politics. Plato went so far as to say: “o, men of Athens, if I was engaged politics, I would have perished long ago and done no good either to you or to myself”[1].

Since then, however, politics has pervaded every sphere of life, and the number of politicians has grown beyond measures. There is politics everywhere, in government generally, in administration, in the schools, colleges, universities, art, literature, and even in sports and games.

India is very big democratic country here every stage of government is a proper political democratic setup is situated. Has Parliaments democratic country in which the representative of public lead the government. In India which party’s and seat’s are in majority in Parliament State legislative assembly who form the government. Political stability is very important and harmful problem of India[2].

In 1975 and our contemporary prime minister Mrs. Indira Gandhi declared emergency in the country, then after the emergency period the general election was held in 1977. In this election the Indian National Congress was defeated and within the party formed the government in Centre and Morarji Desai became the fourth Prime Minister of India, but this government, of the party was not completed its tenure of five years and then in 1980 the country had to face another general elections. This is the first incident of political stability[3].

Political instability also a big problem in states also, there are a lot of examples of that we can show a few years when BSP and BJP were jointly form the government in U.P. with the condition of change in leadership at the duration of six months. The main reason the political instability is that in any type of election one single party does not get the full majority in the house so for achieving the magic number political parties have to join hands with other political parties and then all the parties who are in the government they all are ready to fulfil their benefits and then the creeds of all parties clash with each other than government breaks and this causes of the political instability[4].

 Politics and politicians have not only grown amazingly, but have also prospered without let or hindrance. This may indeed be described as each of politics; politicians are supreme everywhere. Politics and hypocrisy has become inalienable from life, change of colour like the chameleon, and shift of loyalties to people who can pay them best. Consequently, politics has also become synonymous with endless craft and deep-rooted corruption[5].

Political agitation:-

There is no democracy in the world where political protests/agitation so extensively permeates the polity as it does in India.[6] No day passes without significant ‘Street’ protests/agitation over some type of issue in many parts of the country. No session of Parliament or State assemblies passes without major disruption caused by protesting/agitating MPs or MLS. Protests/agitation takes a very wide range of forms outside Parliament including Bandhs, Hartals, Gheraos, yatras and fasts, while inside Parliament they include shouting, invading the well, symbolic dress and walkouts.

As protests/agitation moved from outside Parliament inside Parliament, scholars expressed their concern that violation of India’s laws and rules of decor inherent in many protests/agitation at threat to Indian democracy.

“The Indian paradox” where there was violent social conflict and democratic politics[7]. He accounted for this in a variety of ways: the conflict managing role of Congress party, the bureaucrats who have a vested interest in democracy’s maintenance, the development of other political institutions, the balance of power between the station the centre, and the heterogeneity within states[8].

Much of this has changed in the years since, for democracy has persisted. The Congress party is no longer dominates the country the way it used to, liberalisation and privatisation has affected the bureaucracy to some extent, the Parliament no longer function as it did when he wrote, the balance of power is shifting towards the state. Our focus is on nonviolent protests/agitation, rather than violent social conflict.

Illustration of protests/agitation – Telangana movement

The Telengana moment refers to group of related political activities organised to support the creation of a new state of Telangana from the existing state of Andhra Pradesh in South India. The proposed new state corresponds to the Telugu speaking portions of erstwhile princely State of Hyderabad. When India became independent, Telugu speaking people were distributed in about 22 districts, nine of them in Telengana region of Nizam’s dominions (Hyderabad State), well in Madras Presidency (Andhra region) and one in French controlled Yanam. There is shortly, the Telugu speaking areas (Andhra region) were carved out of an erstwhile madras ~popular agitation by the leaders like Potti Sri Ramulu to create the Andhra State in 1953. In December 1953, the state the organisation commission was appointed to prepare for the creation of states on linguistic lines[9].

The stated mission commission (SRC) was not in favour of an immediate merger of the Telengana region with the Andhra State, despite the common language between the two. There are created or State recognitions commission report (SRC) said: “opiate Andhra’s overwhelmingly in favour of the superior unit; public opinion in Telengana has still to crystallise itself. Important leaders of public opinion in Andhra themselves seems to appreciate that the unification of Telangana with Andhra, though desirable, should be based on a voluntary and willing Association of the people and that it is primarily for the people of Telangana to degradation about their future”[10].

The concerns of Telangana were numerous. The region had a less-developed economy than Andhra, but in larger revenue-base (mostly based in tax rather than prohibited alcoholic beverages), which Telenganas feared might be diverted for using Andhra. They also fear that plant them projects on the Krishna and Godavari rivers would not benefit Telengana proportionately even though the Telenganas controlled the headwater of the river. The telling others fear to that the people of Andhra would have the advantage in jobs, particularly in government and education.

However, following the “gentleman’s agreement”, the Central government established a unified Andhra Pradesh on November 1, 1956. The agreement provided reassurance of Telangana people is too well to the Andhra people in the terms of power-sharing as well as administrative domicile rules and distribution of expenses of various regions.

Discontent with the 1956 “gentleman’s agreement” intensified in January 1969 when the guarantee is that had been agreed on were supposed to lapse. Student agitation for the continuance of the agreement began at a university in Hyderabad and spread to other parts of the region. Government employees and the opposition members of the State legislative assembly swiftly threatened ‘direct action’ in support of the front. This movement, also known as the Telengana moment, lead to widespread violence and deaths of hundreds of people and student of this Telengana region. The telling argument is a real People’s movement, created by the people, for the people and of the people of Telangana. It’s politicians are just one except of the whole man. They are not even in the lead and might have contributed little to the whole movement. The movement is led by the people of Telangana. People outside Telengana had to confront this reality and excepted[11].

PV Narasimha Rao made feeble attempt in 1972 to implement the verdict of Supreme Court validating the mulki rules. The verdict was in favour of Telengana. But the reaction from the other regions was so instantaneous and so while that in the progress PV Narasimha Rao lost his chief ministership and the Telengana region lost all its safeguards. Even the verdict of the highest judicial authority of the country was nullified.

This can happen to any leader from Telengana in that position. Because, their survival depends upon the support of area which had a numerical majority in the political setup and greater money power to influence the political process and administrative machinery. The problem, therefore, lies essentially in the nature of political equations between the developed and the backward regions and not necessarily the person holding position of the power.

In the last 20 years, many organisations have sprung up in Telengana to advocate the formation of a separate state. Right now, there are more than 15 student bodies that are represented in Telengana student joint action committee. The Telengana student front was formed in university, the Telengana liberation students organisation in 1991, and the Telengana information trust in 1986. Political outfit includes the Telengana Jana Sabha and the Telengana Maha Sabha. Other organisations include Telengana intellectual forum, the Telengana development Forum, the Telengana and IT Forum, and the Telengana vidyarthi Vedika.

Although the Congress faced dissension within its ranks, it leaderships to do against additional linguistic state, which are regarded as ‘antinational’. As a result, defectors from the Congress leader, led by M chenna Reddy, founded the Telengana people Association. Despite electoral success, however, some of the new party leaders give up their agitation in September 1971 and, much to the disgust of many separatists, rejoinder the safer political heaven of the Congress ranks. The emotions and forces generated by the movement were not strong enough, however for a continuing drive for a separate state until 1990s when the Bharatiya Janata party promised a separate state if they came to power. The BJP created Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Uttarakhand states in the year 2000 as promised. But the BJP could not create a separate Telangana state because of the opposition from its coalition partner, the Telugu Desam party[12].

These developments brought new life into the separatist Telangana movement by the year 2000. The Congress party MLAs from the Telengana region supported us operate Telengana state and form the Telengana Congress legislator forum. In another development, new party, called the Telengana rashtra Samiti, was formed with the single point agenda of creating a separate Telangana state, with Hyderabad as its capital; this was led by Kalvakuntla Chandrashekar Rao, popularly known as KCR[13].

The Congress party and its leader of the region has the reputation of talking about Telangana when they were out of power and forgetting about it while in power. The Telugu Desam many feeder of the region have the unique distinction of not talking about Telangana weather in power or out of it. In fact, most of them are not even capable of understanding the issue involved. The Communist parties boost of their preparedness to fight injustice and is commission found anywhere in the world. But, what happened in Telengana during the last four and a half decades never bother the comrades. The BJP has excelled all other parties in playing hide and seek with the issue. If political parties and political leaders fail to protest the interest of people whom they claim to represent, should the people subject themselves to misery and suffering for ever?[14]

Proponents of a separate Telengana state feel all the agreements, records, formulas, plans an assurance on the floor of the Legislature and Lok Sabha, in last 50 years, could not be honoured and Telengana was forced to remain neglected, exploited and backward. The experiment to remain as one state proved to be futile exercise and, therefore, suppression has been found to be best solution. In 2004, for the assembly in the parliament elections, the Congress party and TRS had an electoral alliance in the Telengana region with the promise of a separate Telengana state. The Congress came to power in the State and formed coalition government at the Centre. The TRS joined the coalition government in 2004 and was successful in incorporating the demand of us operate Telengana state is a part of a common minimum programme of coalition government. In September 2006 TRS withdrew support from the Congress leader coalition government at the Centre on the ground of indecision by the government over the delivery of its electoral promise to create Telengana. In December 2006, at the TRS won the by-election of the Karimnagar parliamentary constituency with a record margin.

There was pressure on the Congress party to create a Telengana State in 2008. All the TRS legislators in Parliament and in state resigned in the first week of March 2008 and forced by-elections to increase the pressure on Congress party, and to intensify the movement. In June 2008, Devender Goud, who is president number two in the TDP, recent the party saying he would devote his time and energy to formation of a separate Telengana state. In July 2008, Goud along with some other leaders formed a new party called Nava Telangana Praja party and electoral analyses upright proteins within India on November 2, 2008. Along with his party activist, he was later arrested when they try to barge into the Andhra Pradesh Secretariat to change the nameplate from Andhra Pradesh to Telengana.

In February 2009, the State government declared that it had no objection, in principle, to formation of supper Telengana state and that the time had come to move forward decisively on this issue. To resolve issue related to it the government constituted a joint house committee. A herd of 2009 general election in India allthe major parties nevertheless supported the omission of Telengana. The party that the party again announced their policy of having smaller states and would create two states, Telengana and Gorkhaland, if they want the election. The Congress party still says it is committed to Telengana state would, but claims Muslim minorities are opposed to the creation of a suppressed it along with the majority of the people. Some analysts, however, felt that the Muslim reluctance card had been very smartly played by Chief Minister YS Reddy, who was staunchly opposed to the formation of a new state[15].

The Telugu Desam party has promised to work for Telangana statehood. The Telangana Samiti joined Mahakutami with the TDP and left parties to defeat the Congress party for denying statehood for Telengana. The Praja Rajyam party, newly founded by filmstar Chiranjeevi, supported Telangana statehood prior to elections, but later changed it stance. Nava Telangana party merged with the PRP after it realise that there is not enough political space for two sub religion Telengana parties with Telengana statehood is the main agenda. The Congress written to power both at the Centre and State. The TRS and the grand Alliance lost the election in overwhelming fashion. In the first week of December 2009, the TRS president K Chandrashekar Rao, started a fast unto death demanding that the Congress party introduce a Telengana bill in Parliament. The decline to KCR’s health contributed to a sense of urgency for the Central government to take a decision on the issue of Telengana statehood. On December 9, 2009, P Chidambaram, the union Minister of home affairs, announced that the Indian government has started a process of forming a separate Telengana state. The Telengana celebrated the central government’s decision by the non-Telengana regions of coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema regions protested[16].

The Telangana movement is an exception to People’s Democratic yearnings. It is a silent but People’s Revolution for us operate Telengana state. These people’s protest campaigns gathered momentum in course of the Telengana discussing the region.

The difference of the present movement with those in the past is it is preliminary Mars based one, independent from the political parties in terms of forms of protest, in expression and also instead of participation. The protester had direct connections with the cast association for some time. The development initiated in these years has rather aggravated the disparities regional and social. Telengana is lower caste, service caste and Pastoral cast and their sub caste, still intact somewhat have formed their caste associations in last 10 years. This association transformed as para-political organisation developed into massive People’s movement. It is essentially a new type of political movement from below

the 2014 National election coming close, the political parties are again playing their cards on Telengana question. The Congress party is facing stiff competition with its faction, the YSR Congress, and its leader, who have been steering the demand for Telengana. Even the communist party of India has, after a long silence, reportedly launched a political campaign support of a separate Telengana state in the 10 districts of a region in August 2012. The TRS group is also preparing to join the protest movement along with the Telengana joint action committee. With the UPA II government delaying the decision on Telengana seeking more consultants even after it’s given deadline of January 2013 and with even the Gorkhaland agitators present with sit in demonstration at New Delhi in support of the demand, the reactions of the political groupings prior to the national polls will be worth analysing[17].

Conclusion

It is quite clear that the entire effort to ease the Telangana agitation shows that all the measures to combat the existing evil of 10 social political milieu has filled till now. The very fact the sudden political groups in power or in coalition like TRS has sought patronage from both major political parties – the BJP and Congress – shows that sufficient condition was created for eruption of a charismatic movement. The last decade it is the TRS that had tried to create an awareness among the people of the social problems and unfolding the possibilities of problem resolution, mostly through violent gestures like student education and life sacrificed, thereby campaigning the felt need[18].

The quest for us operate Telengana state is a charismatic sociopolitical movement in the sense that like the weberian analysis of charisma, which is very individualistic and personal, the Telangana movement is also its unique dimension is no political party over the years has been able to completely stay away from getting associated overtly or covertly with t this this movement without taking a final position. New states have been formed in Indian polity on the basis of demands long after the demand for Telengana. In some cases special administrative treaties have been concluded on a tripartite basis. But the Telengana moment remains where it was – the quest is both elusive and persuasive at the same time – over the years. Such is the charisma of Telengana movement that it goes along but take other with it as well[19].

On the other hand marching tune with the Weberian understanding of charismatic leaders being not always agent for social change but sometimes also system/maintainers, the Telengana movement at hand can also be seen in that light underscoring the politics of sustaining the movement – the very fact that a politically negotiable solution has not yet been achieved but whatsoever violent protest in favour of demand a skillet some intervention is being made in the name of coalition – building or siding with the demand or setting up a high-power committee to address the issue[20].

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[1]   Anup Chand Kapur, “Principles of Political Science:, S. Chand & Company Ltd., 1996

[2]   http://www.preservearticles.com/2011081410504/650-words-essay-on-criminalization-of-politics-in-india.html

[3]   http://www.shareyouressays.com/2853/1246-words-essay-on-youth-and-politics-in-india

[4]   Raj Kumar, “Essays on Indian Politics”, Discovery Publishing House, 2003

[5]  http://essaysandarticles.com/other-essays/695/

[6]  Mohammad Yasin and Srinanda Dasgupta, Indian Politics, Protests and Movements (New Delhi: Anmol

    Publications, 2003), pp. 8- 9.

[7]  Marion Weiner, “The Indian Paradox: Violent Social Conflict and Democratic Politics,” The

   Indian Paradox, Essays in Indian Politics (New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1989), pp. 21-37.

[8]  Marion Weiner, “The Indian Paradox: Violent Social Conflict and Democratic Politics,”  The

   Indian Paradox, Essays in Indian Politics (New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1989), pp. 33-34.

[9]  “Decision Time,” Deccan Chronicle on the Web, http://www.deccan.com/MonEditorial/Editorial.asp

[10]  P. Sundarayya, Telangana People’s Struggle and its Lessons , Delhi Foundation Books, 2006.

[11] Thirumali, Inukonda (2010) : “Lessons from the Telangana Movement”, Mainstream, Vol XLVIII, No   14, http://www.mainstreamweekly.net/art…

[12]   http://kommineni.info/articles/mainarticles/skcreport.php 

[13]   Gaddam Ram Reddy, B. A. V. Sharma, “Regionalism in India: A Study of Telangana, Concept Publishing Company, 1979

[14] Jayashankar, K. (2011) : Telengana Movement: Demand for a Smaller State,www.etelangana.org 

[15]   http://www.slideshare.net/nsujay/the-demand-for-a-separate-telangana-state

[16]http://www.cgu.edu/PDFFiles/SPE/workingpapers/politics/SASA%20Do%20Elections%20Foster%20Separatism4.pdf

[17]   http://www.odi.org.uk/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/2692.pdf

[18]http://chrajeshwararao.com/pdfs/Naked%20Truth%20Behind%20Separate%20Telangana%20Movement.pdf

[19]   Weber, M., The Theory of Social and Economic Organisation, William Hodge and Company Ltd, London, 1947:332

[20] Srujana, B. (2010) : Demand for Telengana: Channelling Discontent into Wrong Areas,www.pragoti.in/node/3917